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Hadrian spent more time away from Rome than any emperor before or after him. In twenty-one years of rule, from 117 to 138 AD, he made two extended tours of the empire’s provinces, personally inspecting frontiers, reviewing troops, visiting cities, correcting administrative …
The Roman legion was not a fixed thing. It evolved over seven centuries from the early Republic’s tribal levies to the late Empire’s frontier garrison …
The Roman legion was an infantry force, and the Romans knew it. This was not a limitation they were ignorant of — it was a structural fact of their …
The Roman Empire did not end at a wall. The walls — Hadrian’s in Britain, the German and Raetian limes, the Fossatum Africae in North Africa — were …