economy

Roman Mining: Empire Underground

Rome’s mines were among the most productive and the most deadly operations in the ancient world. The silver mines of Spain, the gold mines of Dacia, the iron mines of Noricum, the lead mines of Britain, the copper mines of Cyprus — across the empire’s territories, Roman …

law

Roman Punishment: Law in Action

Roman punishment was not uniform. It was calibrated to social status in ways so explicit and systematic that the law itself divided humanity into …

trade

Rome and the Silk Road

Rome and China never met. The two largest empires of the ancient world existed simultaneously — the Han dynasty and the Roman principate overlapped …