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On August 9, 378 AD, the Eastern Roman emperor Valens led his army against a Gothic force near Adrianople in Thrace — modern Edirne in northwestern Turkey — and was killed along with roughly two-thirds of his army. The Battle of Adrianople was not the largest Roman defeat in …
The Byzantine Empire called itself Rome. Its citizens called themselves Romans. Its emperor held the title that Augustus had held. Its laws were Roman …
On Christmas Day, 800 AD, Pope Leo III placed a crown on the head of the Frankish king Charles in St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome and the assembled …
The kingdoms that replaced Roman administration in the western provinces were not anti-Roman. This is the most important correction to the standard …
On August 24, 410 AD, the Visigoths under Alaric entered Rome through the Salarian Gate and spent three days sacking the city. It was the first time a …
Edward Gibbon spent six volumes and most of his adult life explaining why Rome fell, and he was not the first. The question has generated more …